These often take place in corporate workplaces, and with adults as opposed to children and adolescents, though some do focus on younger people. This type of training comes in many forms, with some 'instructional' in nature such as showing movies or delivering lectures, and others encouraging interactive activities such as role plays and discussions. Diversity training may involve group discussions about 'difference', based on the same values which are at the heart of educational initiatives: overcoming ignorance; expressing hidden assumptions; and feeling empathy for other groups or individuals Paluck Diversity training is an industry with huge levels of investment, yet as Abrams comments, there is "almost no adequate evaluative research" Following a discussion of the general theoretical concerns with short-term diversity training, this section will draw on two case studies of applied prejudice-reduction interventions to explore the strengths and weaknesses of this type of approach.
The first empirical example took place in Australian workplaces with adults, and the second in the UK with children and adolescents in school and community settings. A central criticism regarding diversity training programmes is that they are rarely "guided by the theoretical models of learning or prejudice reduction" Paluck and Green Pendry et al further highlight the separation between theory and practice as they comment that despite diversity trainers and social psychologists having similar objectives i.
Moreover, diversity training programmes are often considered to have potential 'backlash' effects, perhaps as a result of the 'blanket' designs often applied, the short-term nature of most of these initiatives, and delivery not always being sensitive to its environment. As discussed in the previous section, discussing group difference can be positive in terms of improving attitudes towards out-groups, however it is important that these discussions are handled carefully.
Paluck suggests that diversity training courses might reinforce stereotypes, and actually 'backfire' by increasing, renewing or even fostering new sensitivities.
Plaut et al suggest that majority participants may also in some cases feel excluded, for example if the emphasis is put on the celebration of minority cultures. Yet a 'colour-blind' approach which suggests that everyone is equal is similarly problematic.
As Abrams 72 comments, we know that everyone is not equal; there remain huge inequalities in all societies. Therefore, initiatives that 'pretend' everyone is equal and do not highlight difference and inequality might be seen to lack credibility and sophistication. Pendry et al point out that diversity training "differs from the superordinate concept of diversity management in that it does not necessarily imply any background change in system-level structure, decision making or organization ethos" This is important: an organisation with management dominated by middle-class white men compelling its staff to attend 'diversity training' may appear insincere if a commitment to diversity is not shown in the institution as a whole.
Some general limitations of diversity training courses which are similar to those highlighted in the educational initiatives section are also worth mentioning. Firstly, diversity training programmes are often not evaluated at all, or are evaluated by participants directly after sessions, making it impossible to track any long-term effect on attitudes or behaviours. It is also important to reiterate the point that real change is only possible if people are motivated to change:.
This report so far has emphasised the point that people have to want to overcome prejudice, and that meaningful change will generally only occur over time. It is questionable whether compulsory attendance at a workplace 'diversity' training course, for example, which may be one-day in length, and often shorter, would satisfy this criteria. One of the few academically-evaluated applied prejudice reduction programmes was published in , the culmination of research in Australian workplaces in the s: 'Stereotype Change and Prejudice Reduction: Short- and Long-term Evaluation of a Cross-cultural Awareness Programme' by Hill and Augoustinos.
The Cross-Cultural Awareness programme was an anti-racist educational course used in South Australia in various institutions including some government agencies. Staff attended a three-day training programme on either a compulsory or voluntary basis, depending on the type of role. The programme's objective was to reduce prejudice towards Aboriginal Australians, a group frequently stereotyped, stigmatised, and discriminated against, and to promote knowledge and appreciation of indigenous culture.
It is important to point out the methodological limitations of the study. As well as the small sample 62 participants , there was no control group and the study was non-random due to location workplace. However, it was evaluated using a social-psychological approach, and given the oft-cited issue of interventions failing to be grounded in theory, it is worthy of consideration. Moreover, it included a 3 month follow-up, addressing another key limitation of such interventions, in that long-term attitude or behaviour change is rarely captured.
The training course involved group discussion, role-play and videos, and was facilitated by Aboriginal employees the target outgroup. Participants were encouraged to reflect on their own beliefs and stereotypes, and to think more broadly about prejudice and discrimination. The results of the intervention were relatively positive. There was a significant improvement in knowledge, and a reduction in negative stereotyping and 'old-fashioned prejudice' p.
However, there were limitations. Firstly, effects seemed to reduce after the 3 month period. This could reflect a deficiency with the intervention, however it is likely to be an indication of the fact that negative stereotyping is a difficult habit to break. Furthermore, the decrease in 'old-fashioned' racism was not matched by a decline in 'modern' racism - for example, the belief that Aboriginal Australians have too much influence as a result of Government initiatives to promote equality.
This chimes with the earlier discussion about the discrepancy between people's broad attitudes to equality and their attitudes towards specific measures to work towards this. They note that:. Genuine institutional and cultural change is undoubtedly more difficult to achieve, but this evaluated case study stresses the importance of bearing in mind that prejudice is not simply a 'personal pathology', and that interventions should look at the structural arrangements of society as a whole.
This echoes Pendry et al argument that diversity management is crucial. Another relatively rare example of evaluated short-term diversity training initiatives are outlined in a report entitled 'The Search for Tolerance: Challenging and changing racist attitudes and behaviour among young people', produced for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation JRF.
These studies reinforce the complexity of the 'contact theory' as it plays out in real-life, in the form of diversity training programmes. The report is based on five separate case studies of small projects in the United Kingdom.
The initiatives focused on tackling racism and improving intergroup relations, and are described below:. Tower Hamlets Summer University is a voluntary sector, informal education project. The 'Diversity Awareness Programme' for convicted racially motivated offenders is run by probation officers.
The Jubilee Football Tournament was run by two housing associations and could be described as a community cohesion project" 1. Six hundred young people, mostly 11 and 12 years old, took part in the five projects in total.
A mixture of quantitative survey and qualitative methods were used. Some of the key points on 'what works' and 'what didn't work' that emerged from the report included the need to have a clear structure; a range of activities; sufficient time given to interventions; and consideration of the potential for backlash.
In practice diversity training programmes are often 'instructional' in form, as a result of lack of planning, resources, and time. The studies described in the JRF report were a mix of interactive and instructional, and the findings highlight the limitations of instructional approaches:. This echoes findings in the previous section and supports the theoretical arguments that 'learning through doing' is more effective than simply being told that certain attitudes and behaviours are 'wrong'.
Creative methods are more likely to attract and engage participants. For instance, the 'Tower Hamlets Summer University' initiative was criticised for a lack of interactivity and variety of activities. In contrast, the 'You, Me, and Us' programme in Peterborough, which was a series of workshops within schools involving drama, poetry, storytelling, music and art, proved more popular and because of this potentially more effective. Notwithstanding the limitations associated with self-reporting through questionnaires, participation in the programme appeared to have positive effects, with a significant proportion claiming to have "a better understanding of the complexities and subtleties of racism and cultural difference" Of course it is very important to be careful not to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of creative methods alone in terms of changing attitudes.
Another attempt to use creative methods to promote equality and improve intergroup relations was the 'Jubilee Football Tournament' in Rochdale, an area characterised by divide between white and South Asian communities.
However, a closer examination of the football tournament raises questions about the long-term effects of such initiatives.
Feedback through discussions with participants suggested positive short-term effects, as for the duration of the tournament young people from different communities were brought closer together. However, these effects were short-lived, and it is suggested that this was a consequence of a lack of a clear anti-racist purpose, and failure to build on initial signs of potential improvement in relations.
The two communities remained quite separate after the intervention. This highlights the importance of a clear strategy for all prejudice-reduction interventions, and careful monitoring during and afterwards. The resources here will help you and your students be mindful of fair and equitable treatment among genders. Identify and address instances of imbalance or different treatment based on gender. Prejudice Reduction Prejudices are preconceived and ingrained ideas and opinions about others.
Activities for Teaching about Prejudice and Discrimination - Use these activities to discuss different areas of prejudice and ways to work toward appreciation. Activity Guide: Sample Not in Our School Week from Gunn High School - This guide provides an example of a week-long event schools can host to bring awareness to issues of prejudice and what can be done to combat it.
Sticks and Stones Video Series The following series of videos, created by Western Justice Center, provides the history of words that have been used to harm groups of people. Mulatto, a personal reflection. Description: Facing History and Ourselves is a national educational organization working to engage students in civic education that fosters the skills, values, and ideals needed to sustain a democratic society. Description: The Family Equality Council is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender parents and their families.
Description: Farm Animal Rights Movement FARM is a national, tax-exempt, educational organization advocating a plant-based diet and humane treatment of farmed animals. Description: Farm Sanctuary is a nonprofit organization that operates farm animal sanctuaries and wages campaigns to stop the exploitation of animals raised for food. Description: The Feminist Majority Foundation is dedicated to women's equality, reproductive health, and nonviolence.
Description: Feminists for Animal Rights is a nonprofit national educational organization dedicated to ending all forms of abuse against women, animals, and the earth. Description: First Nations Development Institute was founded in with the mission to help American Indian tribes and Native communities rebuild their economies through asset-based community economic development. Description: First Peoples Worldwide works toward a sustainable future by engaging key political, economic, and social institutions to innovate and demonstrate solutions that combine the best of Indigenous and contemporary practice.
Florida Coalition Against Human Trafficking. Description: The Florida Coalition Against Human Trafficking offers assistance to victims of human trafficking and strives to increase awareness about human trafficking through community, law enforcement, and service provider training.
Description: Free the Slaves is an American organization that works closely with Anti-Slavery International to eliminate slavery through education, policy-making, and grassroots advocacy. Description: Friends of the Oglala Lakota is a volunteer organization working to raise awareness about racial justice, environmental justice, and economic justice for all American Indians, but especially the Oglala Lakota.
Description: GLAD is a legal rights organization based in New England and dedicated to ending discrimination based on sexual orientation, HIV status, and gender identity and expression. Description: GLAAD is dedicated to promoting fair, accurate, and inclusive media representation of individuals and events as a means of eliminating homophobia and discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation.
Description: With more than 2, members, the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association works to make the health care environment a place of empathy, justice, and equity. Description: The Gay and Lesbian Victory Institute works to achieve equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people by building, supporting, and advancing a diverse network of LGBT public leaders.
Description: The Gay Straight Alliance Network is a youth-led organization helping to create safe environments in schools for students to support each other and learn about homophobia. Description: Gendercide Watch seeks to confront acts of gender-selective mass killing around the world and is working to raise awareness, conduct research, and produce educational resources on gendercide. Description: Girls Not Brides is a partnership of over organizations working to end child marriage by supporting girls at risk, defending their rights to health and education, and raising awareness.
Description: The Global Fund for Women is a grantmaking foundation supporting women's human rights organizations around the world, working to end violence against women and improve educational and economic opportunity. Description: Global Rights is a human rights capacity-building organization working in partnership with local activists in Africa, Asia, and Latin America to promote and protect the rights of marginalized populations.
Description: Horizons Foundation strives to end antigay discrimination and serve the needs of individuals and communities living with the effects of antigay bigotry.
Description: Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization dedicated to defending and protecting human rights around the world. Description: The Humane Research Council provides animal advocates with access to research, analyses, strategies, and messages that help them reduce animal suffering as effectively as possible.
Description: The Humane Society Legislative Fund works to pass animal protection laws, educate the public about animal protection issues, and support humane candidates for office.
Description: The Humane Society of the United States is a nonprofit organization that works toward a humane and sustainable world for all animals, including people, through public education, legislation, and litigation. Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association. Description: The Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association offers a home for veterinary professionals who want to speak out for animals, care for animals in need, and educate others about animal welfare.
Description: The Immigration Policy Center is an immigration research and advocacy organization that seeks to shape a rational conversation on immigration through its research and analysis. Description: In Defense of Animals is a nonprofit organization dedicated to ending the institutionalized abuse of animals by defending their rights, welfare, and habitat.
Description: The Indigenous Language Institute collaborates with indigenous communities to revitalize and perpetuate the languages and culture of the original inhabitants of the Americas.
Institute for Community Inclusion. Description: The Institute for Community Inclusion supports the rights of children and adults with disabilities to participate in all aspects of the community. Description: The Institute for Humane Education is a nonprofit educational organization dedicated to creating a peaceful and compassionate world through humane education. Description: ISAR is a nonprofit educational foundation that monitors academic racism and serves as a resource center for scholars, legislators, civil rights organizations, and journalists.
Description: The Institute of Race Relations conducts research and analysis that informs the struggle for racial justice in Britain and internationally. Description: The purpose of the Institute on Disability Culture is to promote the history, activities, and cultural identity of individuals with disabilities throughout the world.
Description: The Institute on Race and Poverty is a research, education, and advocacy organization dedicated to changing policies and practices that affect the well-being of low-income communities of color. Intercultural Communication Institute. Description: The Intercultural Communication Institute is a nonprofit foundation designed to foster an awareness and appreciation of cultural differences in both international and domestic arena.
Intercultural Development Research Association. Description: The Intercultural Development Research Association is an independent nonprofit organization that advocates the right of every child to a quality education. Description: The International Center for Research on Women is a global research institute that works to empower women, advance gender equality, and fight poverty in the developing world through empirical research.
Description: The International Fund for Animal Welfare campaigns to change policies and practices to improve animal welfare. Description: The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission strives to protect and advance the rights of people who face discrimination based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, or HIV status.
Description: The International Labour Organization is a United Nations specialized agency which seeks the promotion of social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights. Description: The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association is a worldwide federation of national and local groups dedicated to achieving equal rights for lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgendered people.
Description: The International MultiCultural Institute iMCI, formerly the National MultiCultural Institute or NMCI is proud to be one of the first organizations to have recognized the nation's need for new services, knowledge, and skills in the growing field of multiculturalism and diversity. Description: International Possibilities Unlimited is dedicated to building a global network that links people of African descent within the United States to social justice struggles throughout the world.
Description: The International Primate Protection League operates a primate sanctuary and works for the well-being of primates by banning or restricting primate trade and protecting primate habitat.
International Size Acceptance Association. Description: The International Size Acceptance Association promotes size acceptance and fights size discrimination throughout the world by means of advocacy and visible lawful actions. Description: The International Society for Animal Rights is a nonprofit organization that seeks to end, rather than to regulate, uses of animals that deny them their rights and cause them suffering.
Description: The International Women's Health Coalition works to generate health and population policies, programs, and funding that promote and protect the rights and health of girls and women worldwide.
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. Description: The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs is an independent international membership organization that supports indigenous peoples' human rights, freedom of self-determination, and right to territory. Description: The Jane Goodall Institute is a nonprofit organization advancing the power of individuals to take informed and compassionate action to improve the environment of all living things.
Description: The Japanese American Citizens League is the oldest and largest Asian-American civil rights organization, securing and maintaining the civil rights of Americans of Japanese ancestry and others victimized by injustice. Description: The Kids on the Block provides educational puppet programs which enlighten children on the issues of disability awareness, medical-educational differences, and social concerns.
Labor Council for Latin American Advancement. Description: Lambda Legal is a national organization committed to achieving full recognition of the civil rights of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgender people through impact litigation, education, and public policy work. Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights.
Description: The League of United Latin American Citizens advances the economic condition, educational attainment, political influence, health, and civil rights of Hispanics in the United States. Learning Disabilities Association of America. Description: The Learning Disabilities Association of America is the largest non-profit volunteer organization advocating for individuals with learning disabilities.
Description: Legal Momentum formerly the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund advances the rights of women and girls by using the power of the law and creating innovative public policy. Description: Little People of America is a nonprofit organization that provides support and information to people of short stature and their families. Description: The Little Rock Nine Foundation provides financial support and a mentorship program for students to help them reach their educational goals.
Description: The MAGIC Foundation is a national nonprofit organization that assists families of children afflicted with a variety of growth-related disorders, syndromes, and diseases. Description: The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund strives to foster public policies, laws, and programs safeguarding the civil rights of Latinos in the U. Middle East Peace Camp for Children. Minority Rights Group International. Description: Minority Rights Group International works to secure the rights of ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities.
Description: The Ms. Description: The Muslim Public Affairs Council is a public service agency working to create an effective American Muslim constituency that influences decision-making and public opinion in America. Description: National Alliance for the Mentally Ill is a nonprofit, grassroots, self-help, support and advocacy organization of consumers, families, and friends of people with severe mental illness.
Description: The National Alliance of Black School Educators is the largest network of African American educators and is dedicated to improving the educational accomplishments of African American youth. Description: The National American Indian Court Judges Association is primarily devoted to the support of American Indian and Alaska Native justice systems through education, information sharing, and advocacy.
Description: The National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education implements programs and policies to increase Black student enrollment in historically Black colleges and universities. National Association for Multicultural Education. Description: The National Association for Multicultural Education is a national clearinghouse for multicultural education resource materials and educational strategies.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Description: The NAACP works at the national, regional, and local level to secure civil rights and equality for minorities through legislation, education, and the implementation of strategic initiatives. Description: The National Association of Black and White Men Together is committed to fostering supportive environments wherein racial and cultural barriers can be overcome and human equality realized.
National Association of Councils on Developmental Disabilities. Description: The National Association of Councils on Developmental Disabilities advocates and works for change on behalf of people with developmental, as well as other, disabilities, and their families. Description: The National Association of the Deaf is the oldest and largest constituency organization safeguarding the accessibility and civil rights of 28 million deaf and hard-of-hearing Americans. National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance.
Description: The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance is a nonprofit human rights organization dedicated to improving the quality of life for fat people.
Description: The National Black Justice Coalition is a civil rights organization of Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people and their allies working towards equality by fighting racism and homophobia. Description: The National Center for Learning Disabilities strives to increase the opportunity for all individuals with learning disabilities to achieve their potential.
National Center for Transgender Equality. Description: The National Center for Transgender Equality is a social justice organization devoted to ending discrimination and violence against transgender people through education and advocacy. Description: The National Coalition Building Institute is a nonprofit leadership training organization that works to eliminate prejudice and intergroup conflict in communities throughout the world.
Description: The National Committee on Pay Equity is a national membership coalition of more than 50 organizations working to eliminate sex- and race-based wage discrimination and to achieve pay equity. Description: The National Conference for Community and Justice promotes understanding and respect among all races, religions, and cultures through advocacy, conflict resolution, and education.
Description: The National Congress for Puerto Rican Rights is a membership and grassroots activist organization dedicated to securing full equality and an end to discrimination against Puerto Ricans. Description: The National Congress of American Indians serves as a forum for consensus-based policy development among its membership of over American Indian governments from every region of the country.
Description: The National Council for Research on Women is a network of leading research, policy, and advocacy centers dedicated to improving the lives of women and girls. Description: The National Council of La Raza is dedicated to reducing poverty and discrimination and improving life opportunities for Hispanic Americans. Description: The National Council on Disability is an independent federal agency making recommendations to the President and Congress on issues affecting Americans with disabilities.
Description: The National Disability Rights Network is a membership association of disability-rights agencies working to create a society where people with disabilities have equal opportunity and can participate fully. Description: The National Federation of Filipino American Associations is a private, non-proft organization established to promote the welfare and well-being of all Filipinos and Filipino Americans throughout the United States.
Description: The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force is a national progressive organization working for the civil rights of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered people, with the vision and commitment to building a powerful political movement. Description: The National Humane Education Society is a nonprofit animal welfare organization that strives to foster a sentiment of kindness to animals in children and adults. National Immigrant Justice Center. Description: The National Immigrant Justice Center provides legal services and advocacy for immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers through policy reform, impact litigation, and public education.
Description: The National Immigration Forum advocates the value of immigrants and immigration to the nation while promoting responsible federal immigration policies. Description: The National Indian Education Association supports traditional Native cultures and values, enabling Native learners to contribute to their communities and improve educational opportunities. Description: The National Museum of the American Indian is committed to advancing knowledge and understanding of the Native cultures of the Western Hemisphere through partnership with Native people and others.
National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. Description: The National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation is a nonprofit organization that offers information and support to people with albinism, their families, and the professionals who work with them.
National Organization for Men Against Sexism. Description: The National Organization for Men Against Sexism is the oldest national network of activist men and women who share a pro-feminist, anti-racist, and gay-affirmative perspective about men and masculinity. Description: The National Organization for Women is the largest organization of feminist activists in the United States. Description: The National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives works to foster diversity in law enforcement, promote policies that ensure equity, and develop community partnerships to reduce violence and racism.
Description: The National Organization on Disability promotes the full and equal participation and contribution of America's 54 million men, women, and children with disabilities. National Partnership for Women and Families. Description: The National Partnership for Women and Families is a nonprofit nonpartisan organization that uses public education and advocacy to promote fairness in the workplace.
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center. Description: Since , the National Women's Law Center has used legislation, litigation, and public education to expand the possibilities for women and girls. Description: The National Women's Studies Association supports the production and dissemination of knowledge about women and gender through teaching, learning, research, and service in academic and other settings.
Description: The Native American Rights Fund is a nonprofit organization that provides legal representation and technical assistance to Indian tribes, organizations, and individuals nationwide. Description: NativeWeb is an international, nonprofit, educational organization dedicated to using telecommunications to disseminate information from and about indigenous nations, peoples, and organizations around the world.
Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities. Description: The National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals opposes anti-queer discrimination by educating the queer, scientific, and general communities, and by fostering inter-city contacts among its members. Description: NoStigmas seeks to foster a community environment in which individuals with mental illness are able seek treatment with the support of those near to them.
Description: NoLose formerly the National Organization for Lesbians of Size is a social support and networking group for women who identify as lesbian, bisexual, or trans and who are fat or fat-positive. Description: Not In Our Town uses public television broadcasts and new media to help people reduce hate,learn from each other, and build safe, inclusive communities.
Description: OneAmerica advances fundamental principles of democracy and justice at the local, state, and national levels by building power within immigrant communities in collaboration with key allies. Description: The Organization of Chinese Americans is a national nonprofit nonpartisan, civil rights advocacy and educational organization advancing the social, political and economic well-being of Americans of Chinese and Asian decent.
Description: Oxfam America is an international development organization dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice around the world. Description: Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays promotes the health and well-being of LGBT persons, their families and friends through support, education, and advocacy. Description: Peace Brigades International is a nongovernmental organization protecting human rights and promoting the nonviolent transformation of conflicts.
Description: People For the American Way works to affirm respect for diversity; freedom of thought, expression, and religion; equal justice; and a sense of community.
Description: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is the largest animal rights organization worldwide. Its credo: "Animals are not ours to eat.
Description: Polaris Project is committed to combating human trafficking and modern-day slavery, and to strengthening the anti-trafficking movement throughout the world. Description: The Poverty and Race Research Action Council generates, gathers, and disseminates research on the relationship between race and poverty, and promotes policies and practices that alleviate conditions caused by the interaction of race and poverty.
Description: The Prejudice Institute is devoted to policy research and education on all dimensions of prejudice, discrimination, and ethnoviolence.
Description: Prevent Genocide International is a nonprofit educational organization established in with the purpose of bringing about the elimination of the crime of genocide.
Description: Rainbow Alliance of the Deaf is a national nonprofit organization that promotes the educational, economic, and social welfare of Deaf Gays and Lesbians. Description: The Restricted Growth Association provides information and support to improve the quality of life for persons of restricted growth.
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Description: The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty for Animals is one of the oldest and largest animal protection organizations worldwide, with more than associated groups in 65 countries. Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity. Description: SaveASlave.
Description: Short Persons Support offers support and information to persons of short stature, raises awareness of the issues they face, and provides inspiration to help them live better lives. Description: Short Statured People of Australia seeks to empower, assist, and represent people of short stature, enabling them to live in, participate in, and be productive members of the community. Description: The Simon Wiesenthal Center is an international Jewish human rights organization dedicated to preserving the memory of the Holocaust, fostering tolerance, and confronting issues such as racism, anti-Semitism, and terrorism.
Description: The Sisterhood Is Global Institute is an international nonprofit organization dedicated to the support and promotion of women's rights at the local, national, regional, and global levels. Description: The Society for Disability Studies is an international nonprofit organization that promotes the study of disability in social, cultural, and political contexts.
The own-race bias disappeared, and people were no worse at recalling White versus Black faces. In a separate study, psychologist Tiffany Ito found that when she induced participants simply to smile while looking at a set of Black and White faces Ito had them hold a pencil in their mouth to simulate the experience of smiling—try it! My wife and son are hooked—nay, positively addicted—to the video game Plants versus Zombies.
My heart melts when they play together: The way she scaffolds the game for him, helps him with strategy, and speaks to him like an equal mind and partner in the game is beautiful to watch.
And herein lies a secret to intergroup relations. Everyone felt like a New Yorker. People opened doors for each other, ceded disputed taxis, and smiled at each other on the streets with zero regard to background.
It happens at sporting events, too: People are united by a shared identity and the other differences melt away. The upshot here? All you need is a little compassion and flexibility of thought. The boys were grouped into the Scouts and the Eagles, and from the previous item on this list, you can guess what this categorization did for intergroup relations.
When Sharif put the boys in direct competition with one another e. Ah, boys. Of course. Here is a bit of extra motivation: While you may adopt such a resolution to increase your own well-being, chances are that outgroup members may indirectly benefit from your regimen as well.
This is nice, except that one unintended consequence is that those who do not share these particular values are more likely to be the targets of our prejudice.
In other words, those who challenge our cultural worldview become a threat to our continued immortality, and we grow intolerant of them. Many things can remind us of our own mortality, and many of them are outside of our control.
But we do have control over our health to an extent, of course. A great, catchy song with its heart in the right place, for sure—but its recipe for tolerance is wrong.
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